Friday, April 24, 2015

How to use Preposition in English Grammar

Prepositions are words which show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun object and some other words in the sentence. They are always followed by nouns or pronouns. They are called "the biggest little words” in English because they have very important functions.

Three Groups of Prepositions:
a. Prepositions of place, position and direction.
b. Prepositions of time.
c. Prepositions for other relationships.



SOME COMMON PREPOSITIONS
PLACE
POSITION
DIRECTION
TIME
OTHER
above
across
along
among
at
away from
behind
below
beside
between
beyond
by
down
from
in
in front of
inside
into
near
off
on
opposite
out (of)
outside
over
around
through
to
towards
under
up
after
before
at
by
for
during
from
in
except
as
like
about
with
without
by
for

Rule: 
è
They are always followed by a "noun", never followed by a verb.
By "noun" we include:
à Noun (dog, money, love) 
à Proper Noun (name) (London, Mary) 
à Pronoun (you,him,us)
à Noun Group (my first car)
à Gerund (swimming)

If we want to follow with a verb, we must use the "-ing" form which is really a gerund or verb in noun form. è
Subject + Verb
Preposition
"noun"
The pen is
on
the table.
He lives
in
England.
Henry is looking
for
you.
The newspaper is
under
your green book.
Pascal is used
to
English people.
She isn't used
to
working.
We ate
before
coming.


Prepositions of Time / Place at, in, on à
à  At for a PRECISE TIME
à In for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
à On for DAYS and Dates

At
In
On
At 4:30 pm
in March
on Monday
At 3 o'clock
In Winter
On 6 March
At noon
In the summer
On 22 Dec.2012
At dinnertime
In 1990
On Christmas Day
At bedtime
In the next century
On your birthday
At the moment
In the future
On New Year's Eve


Notice that use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions 
è
àIn the morning /On Monday morning
àIn the mornings / On Sunday mornings
àIn the afternoon(s) / On Sunday afternoons
àIn the evening(s) / On Friday evenings

Note : When we say next, last, this, every we do not use at,in,on. 
àI went to New York last June (not in last June)àShe is coming back next Monday. (not on next Monday)àI go home every Easter . (not at every Easter)àWe'll call you this afternoon. (not in this afternoon) 

Place: at, in, on
In General: 
à At for a POINT (dog, money, love) 
àIn for an ENCLOSED SPACE 
àOn for a SURFACE 

At
In
On
At the bus stop
In London
On the wall
At the corner
In the garden
On the ceiling
At the entrance
In a box
On the floor
At the crossroads
In a building
On the carpet
At the top of the page
In a car
On a page



Some other common uses of at / on / in 
At
In
On
At home
In a car
On a bus
At work
In a taxi
On a train
At school
In a helicopter
On a plane
At university
In an elevator
On a bicycle
At the top
In the sky
On the radio
At the bottom
In the street
On the left
At the side
In a row
On a horse
At reception
In a boat
On a boat

Note : Notice how we can use on a boat or in a boat depending on the type and the size of the particular boat/ship.

More Prepositions
Prepositions
use
Example
during
while in
during the film,during the war, during my stay
for
for two days, for an hour
from / to
from Saturday to Monday, from 5 to 9
between
the time period from one to another
between 1986 and 2012, between Saturday and Monday
until/till
before a certain time
until/till Sunday,5 o'clock
by
at the least
by Tuesday, by next month, by tomorrow
to
movement towards
to school, to work, to the station
into
movement towards inside something
into the cinema, into the car
out of
to leave a place/a thing
out of the cinema,out of the car
by
near/next to/beside
LINK stand by me, by the lake
through
through the tunnel, through the room
across
opposite ends
across the river, across the street
against
against the wall, against the door
into
movement towards inside something
into the cinema, into the car




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