Directions (Q. 1 - 13): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
It is an old dictum of political science that the state comes into being for life (protection of life and security) but it exists for good life. The transition of modern democracies from merely providing security from external aggression and internal disturbances and disorder to a welfare state providing the citizen social security schemes from the cradle to the grave is a familiar phenomenon of the 20th century. India is no exception to the rule. In fact, the Indian concept of justice—Dharma—is far older than the concept of law. India had always regarded that peace and security were empty concepts in a system where social, political and economic justice was denied to the people.
The concept of justice is itself a changing one. It changes with the growth and development of the society and with the philosophy which informs the society at a given time. For instance, slavery was legitimate in certain parts of the world but is no longer so now. An eye for eye and tooth for tooth was considered just in primitive society but is abhorrent today. In our own lifetime, right to property was included as a fundamental right in Art 19 (1)(f) of the Constitution. By 1978, it was sought to be removed from the statute books as contrary to the socialist philosophy. All these go to show that human ingenuity does not extend to foreseeing the near or distant future and that no law can be permanent or immutable. Orderly transition and growth of society can be stalled only at the peril of a revolution.
No Constitution is or can be perfect. Nor can it provide for every contingency that may arise in the future. Besides conditions change or new concepts emerge as a result of changes in the political, social and economic conditions and concepts. According to political science, sovereignty may rest with the Crown in a monarchy or with a dictator in ruthless control over the people. But in a democracy sovereignty rests with the people of the country. If the generation living in 1949 had the authority to frame a Constitution for the nation, the generation living in 2000 AD will have equal right to add, alter, amend, delete, substitute or even to frame a new Constitution, subject to compliance with the conditions and restrictions imposed by the Constitution itself.
1.According to the theory of political science, survival of a state is related to
1) The law of the land.
2) Its tradition.
3) The welfare of its people.
4) Its defence strategy.
5) The growth of its service sector.
2. In India the main concept of the “state” is
1) The body which controls internal disturbances.
2) The organ which runs governments.
3) The organ which builds international relations.
4) The body which support the social cause.
5) The body which generates life.
3. Which of the following statements stands true in context of the Indian philosophy?
1) Peace and security emanates from social, political and economic justice.
2) Peace and security are empty slogans in today’s society.
3) There is no peace where there is no security.
4) Social, political and economic justice is a dream for the people.
5) None of these
4. What does it imply—“An eye for eye and tooth for tooth was considered just in primitive society but is abhorrent today”?
1) There is no place for the concept of ‘might is right’ in any society.
2) What may be legally just today may not be so tomorrow.
3) There is no give-and-take concept in our society.
4) He that is down needs fear no fall.
5) None of these
5. Which of the following is a feature of ‘law’?
1) Law is a phenomenon which remains unchanged for ages.
2) Law supports the mighty even today.
3) Law changes its shape along with time.
4) Law has become a force in a democracy.
5) None of these
6. Which of the following is a unique feature of a democratic set-up?
1) Democracy and sovereignty are inter-related.
2) According to the passage, democracy is more efficient than any other system of governance.
3) In a democracy people are free to do anything.
4) There can be no proper Constitution in a democracy.
5) None of these
7. What is the Indian concept of ‘Justice’ and ‘Dharma’?
1) To look after peace and security of the nation
2) To work for economic upliftment of the masses
3) To promote the social cause and look after the well-being of its people
4) to promote social harmony in the world
5) None of these
8. What do you mean by the phrase “from the cradle to the grave”, as used in the passage?
1) From step to step
2) From each and every possible means
3) From darkness to light
4) From birth to death
5) None of these
9. The passage is related to which subject?
1) Economics
2) Social Science
3) History
4) Constitutional law
5) None of these
Choose the word which is the same in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
10. DICTUM
1) philosophy
2) rule
3) theory
4) maxim
5) policy
11. LEGITIMATE
1) lawful
2) accurate
3) prevalent
4) basic
5) demanding
12. ABHORRENT
1) illegal
2) disgusting
3) banned
4) harmful
5) irrational
Choose the word which is opposite in meaning to the word given in bold as used in the passage.
13. TRANSITION
1) stubbornness
2) immutability
3) complexity
4) mobility
5) deadlock
14. PRIMITIVE
1) artificial
2) ancient
3) scientific
4) traditional
5) modern
15. INGENUITY
1) farce
2) detrimental
3) rigidity
4) stupidity
5) negativity
ANSWERS
1. 3
2. 4
3. 2
4. 2
5. 3
6. 1
7. 3
8. 4
9. 2
10. 4
11. 1
12. 2
13. 1
14. 5
15. 3
It is an old dictum of political science that the state comes into being for life (protection of life and security) but it exists for good life. The transition of modern democracies from merely providing security from external aggression and internal disturbances and disorder to a welfare state providing the citizen social security schemes from the cradle to the grave is a familiar phenomenon of the 20th century. India is no exception to the rule. In fact, the Indian concept of justice—Dharma—is far older than the concept of law. India had always regarded that peace and security were empty concepts in a system where social, political and economic justice was denied to the people.
The concept of justice is itself a changing one. It changes with the growth and development of the society and with the philosophy which informs the society at a given time. For instance, slavery was legitimate in certain parts of the world but is no longer so now. An eye for eye and tooth for tooth was considered just in primitive society but is abhorrent today. In our own lifetime, right to property was included as a fundamental right in Art 19 (1)(f) of the Constitution. By 1978, it was sought to be removed from the statute books as contrary to the socialist philosophy. All these go to show that human ingenuity does not extend to foreseeing the near or distant future and that no law can be permanent or immutable. Orderly transition and growth of society can be stalled only at the peril of a revolution.
No Constitution is or can be perfect. Nor can it provide for every contingency that may arise in the future. Besides conditions change or new concepts emerge as a result of changes in the political, social and economic conditions and concepts. According to political science, sovereignty may rest with the Crown in a monarchy or with a dictator in ruthless control over the people. But in a democracy sovereignty rests with the people of the country. If the generation living in 1949 had the authority to frame a Constitution for the nation, the generation living in 2000 AD will have equal right to add, alter, amend, delete, substitute or even to frame a new Constitution, subject to compliance with the conditions and restrictions imposed by the Constitution itself.
1.According to the theory of political science, survival of a state is related to
1) The law of the land.
2) Its tradition.
3) The welfare of its people.
4) Its defence strategy.
5) The growth of its service sector.
2. In India the main concept of the “state” is
1) The body which controls internal disturbances.
2) The organ which runs governments.
3) The organ which builds international relations.
4) The body which support the social cause.
5) The body which generates life.
3. Which of the following statements stands true in context of the Indian philosophy?
1) Peace and security emanates from social, political and economic justice.
2) Peace and security are empty slogans in today’s society.
3) There is no peace where there is no security.
4) Social, political and economic justice is a dream for the people.
5) None of these
4. What does it imply—“An eye for eye and tooth for tooth was considered just in primitive society but is abhorrent today”?
1) There is no place for the concept of ‘might is right’ in any society.
2) What may be legally just today may not be so tomorrow.
3) There is no give-and-take concept in our society.
4) He that is down needs fear no fall.
5) None of these
5. Which of the following is a feature of ‘law’?
1) Law is a phenomenon which remains unchanged for ages.
2) Law supports the mighty even today.
3) Law changes its shape along with time.
4) Law has become a force in a democracy.
5) None of these
6. Which of the following is a unique feature of a democratic set-up?
1) Democracy and sovereignty are inter-related.
2) According to the passage, democracy is more efficient than any other system of governance.
3) In a democracy people are free to do anything.
4) There can be no proper Constitution in a democracy.
5) None of these
7. What is the Indian concept of ‘Justice’ and ‘Dharma’?
1) To look after peace and security of the nation
2) To work for economic upliftment of the masses
3) To promote the social cause and look after the well-being of its people
4) to promote social harmony in the world
5) None of these
8. What do you mean by the phrase “from the cradle to the grave”, as used in the passage?
1) From step to step
2) From each and every possible means
3) From darkness to light
4) From birth to death
5) None of these
9. The passage is related to which subject?
1) Economics
2) Social Science
3) History
4) Constitutional law
5) None of these
Choose the word which is the same in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
10. DICTUM
1) philosophy
2) rule
3) theory
4) maxim
5) policy
11. LEGITIMATE
1) lawful
2) accurate
3) prevalent
4) basic
5) demanding
12. ABHORRENT
1) illegal
2) disgusting
3) banned
4) harmful
5) irrational
Choose the word which is opposite in meaning to the word given in bold as used in the passage.
13. TRANSITION
1) stubbornness
2) immutability
3) complexity
4) mobility
5) deadlock
14. PRIMITIVE
1) artificial
2) ancient
3) scientific
4) traditional
5) modern
15. INGENUITY
1) farce
2) detrimental
3) rigidity
4) stupidity
5) negativity
ANSWERS
1. 3
2. 4
3. 2
4. 2
5. 3
6. 1
7. 3
8. 4
9. 2
10. 4
11. 1
12. 2
13. 1
14. 5
15. 3
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