Important Geography Notes

Desert: -

Desert is a large landmass of the earth. They make up 20% of the earth's landmass. It is a dry, sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperature & sparse vegetation.

Eg: -

1) The Sahara Desert (Africa)

2) The Atacama Desert (Chile)

3) The Gobhi Desert (Magnolia)

4) The Thar Desert (India)

Mountains: -

It is a natural elevation of the earth's surface. They may be arranged in a line known as range.

Eg: -

1)  Himalayan Mountain (Asia)

2) Mt. Kilimanjaro (Africa)

3) Mt. Fujiyama (Japan)

4) Rocky Mountain (N. America)

Islands: -

An island is a piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Islands are volcanic in origin or formed from coral reef. 

Eg: -

Largest island - Greenland

Largest River Island - Majorly (Assam)

Largest Populated Island - Java (Indonesia)

Island shared by 3 countries - Borneo.

Oceans: -

Oceans are the major body of saline water covering 71% of Earth's surface.

The waves, tides & ocean currents are the 3 chief movements of ocean waters. The 4 major oceans are the 

1) Pacific Ocean 

2) Atlantic Ocean

3) Indian Ocean 

4) Arctic Ocean 

5) Southern Ocean

1) Pacific Ocean - Largest Ocean  

Mariana Trench, 

- The deepest part of the earth lies in Pacific ocean. 

- It is circular in shape.

- Asia, Australia, N & S America surround it.

2. Atlantic Ocean- 2nd Largest Ocean  

- It is 'S' shaped.

- Flanked by N. & S. America on Westside & Europe & Africa on the east.

The coastline of Atlantic is indented and this irregular and indented coastline provides ideal location for natural harbors & ports. Hence it is the busiest ocean from commercial view point.

3. Indian Ocean -    Only Ocean named after a Country - India.

- Triangular in shape 

Bounded by Asia in the north, Africa in the west & Australia in the East.

4. Southern Ocean -   The Southern Ocean As the FOURTH-Largest of the Five Oceans

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean

5. Arctic Ocean -   Located within the Arctic Circle & Surrounds N. Pole.

- Connected with Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as "Bering Strait".

- Bound by Northern coasts of N. America & Eurasia.